aeroplane type limitations applicable to lowlevel flight CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards Schedule 3 Aeronautical Knowledge relevant to low level aeroplane operations dangers associated with ‘out of balance’ lowlevel flight manoeuvres flight rules: privileges and limitations of a low-level rating provisions of 157 of Civil Aviation Regulations (CAR) 1988 requirements for flight and pilot responsibilities for flight below 500 feet AGL human factors applicable to lowlevel flight operations: human factors issues and their impact on the safety of lowlevel flight operations dehydration and its impact on pilot cognitive function and reaction time fatigue and its impact on pilot cognitive function and situational awareness stress and its short-term and long-term impact drugs (including over the counter) and their impact on pilot cognitive function, reaction time and coordination spatial disorientation and illusions legislative restrictions applicable to low flying local air traffic control procedures and instructions lowlevel flight operational techniques: methods of managing the following factors: wind direction sun glare obstructions, including wires and power lines identifying wire runs and treating/minimising associated risks: preliminary inspection of treatment area how to judge distance to the wire danger and forms of distraction considerations for flying above or under the wire considerations for crossing oblique wires visual cues of wire locations such as pole runs, type, numbers and attitude insulators, cross-stress and angle of cross-stress, supplementary or spur wires, buildings characteristics and dangers of high wires and guy wires factors affecting misjudgement of wire clearance how to maintain awareness of located wires hazards of mental overload operation of differential global navigation satellite systems (DGNSS for track guidance, including the importance of maintaining an active scan outside the cockpit while referencing the DGNSS maximum rate turns and minimum radius turn criteria meteorological factors affecting aeroplane flight performance during lowlevel flight: effects of inversion on lowlevel flight indicators of mechanical and thermal turbulence and shifting wind and implications for low-level operations winds affecting low-level flying and associated flying conditions effect of mountainous influence on airflow and associated flying conditions weather phenomena hazardous to low-level operations terrain and weather conditions that may lead to disorientation during low-level flight: flight into rising ground and toward low ground false horizons ridgeline and valley effects pilot corrective actions typical terrain and seasonal effects on local wind direction, strength and mechanical or thermal turbulence minimum height for lowlevel flight by an aircraft over a city, town or populous area minimum lateral and vertical distances that an aircraft must avoid persons, vessels, vehicles, structures or livestock over a sparsely populated area operations on, or in vicinity of, non-controlled and controlled aerodromes or airstrips: restrictions and conditions on low-level operations at aerodromes with movements of regular public transport aircraft circuit requirements at various types of aerodromes and aircraft landing areas (ALAs), including conditions applying to exemption from compliance with Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) published procedures aerial inspection methods and purpose location of and planning for obstacle management and ground undulations operational planning: flight planning and risk management: aviation risk management processes low level flight hazards and controls applicable to hilly terrain downdraughts turbulence false horizon effect high country irregular areas pre-flight and after flight inspections: aircraft safety criteria inspections and flight preparation operational inspections: operating area inspection methods and purpose limitations of ground inspections low-flying restrictions, planning notice, precautions and procedures with respect to overflying or in close proximity to buildings during lowlevel flight operations, including stating the required safety distances and minimum height from buildings problems that may occur when operating an aeroplane at low level and appropriate action that should be taken in each case relevant WHS/OHS and environmental procedures and regulations relevant sections of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders unintended incipient spinning inducement and pilot corrective actions. |